Comparative Study of Drying Methods on Proximate Composition, Chlorophyll Retention and Phytochemical properties in Cnidoscolus aconitifolius Leaves
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70851/jfines.2025.2(4).243.250Keywords:
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius, Pigment retention , Indigenous leafy vegetable, PhytochemicalsAbstract
Cnidoscolus aconitifolius (Chaya) is a nutrient-rich leafy vegetable widely consumed for its health benefits. However, its high moisture content limits shelf life, making drying the preferred option due to its low cost and suitability for rural settings. This study evaluated the effects of sun drying and the NSPRI parabolic solar dryer on the proximate composition, chlorophyll retention, and phytochemical properties of Chaya leaves to identify drying methods that best preserve their nutritional quality. Fresh leaves were harvested and dried by both methods. Proximate analysis (moisture, ash, fiber, protein, fat, carbohydrate, energy) and chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a, b, and total) were determined using AOAC methods. Phytochemicals including flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins were quantified. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way ANOVA at p<0.05. Drying significantly reduced moisture from 66.3% in fresh to approximately 7.8% in dried samples, enhancing shelf life. Both drying methods similarly concentrated the existing nutrients by reducing moisture content, and no significant differences were observed in their proximate composition. Chlorophyll retention was significantly higher in solar-dried leaves (49.09±0.21 mg/g total chlorophyll) compared to sun-dried (41.64±0.27 mg/g), indicating better pigment preservation under solar drying. Phytochemical analysis showed significant decreases after drying; however, solar drying preserved higher levels of alkaloids (211.33±1.45 µg/g), saponins (343.67±2.03 µg/g), and tannins (86.0±1.15µg/g) than sun drying, while flavonoids declined similarly (approximately 270 µg/g). These results suggest that solar drying provides a controlled environment that better preserves chlorophyll and phytochemicals, while proximate nutritional quality remains comparable between drying methods. Adoption of solar drying technology is recommended to improve shelf life and maintain quality, particularly in places with limited access to refrigeration.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Omoniyi Oyewole, Olufisayo Ibitoye, Mariam Abiola Raji, Adenike Olayiwola, Olubukola Ademilola Ogundare, Elizabeth Olamide Adewunmi, Taiwo Oluwatoyin Ajao (Author)
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