Assessment of Water Depth Variability in Rice paddy fields at the Lower Moshi Irrigation Scheme, Tanzania
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.70851/jfines.2026.3(2).134.144Keywords:
Irrigation scheme, Paddy fields, Tanzania rice fields, water depth varaibilityAbstract
Variability of water depth in rice paddy fields has become a major problem in many irrigation schemes, jeopardizing rice growth. This study assesses water depth before and after irrigation in the rice paddy fields. The research methods used were field surveys to empirically evaluate the variability of water depth in rice paddy fields at the lower Moshi Irrigation Scheme in Tanzania. The empirical findings of the study confirm that the average variability of water depth measurements taken every day before and after irrigation for twelve consecutive days ranged from 0.00 to 14 centimeters. This range was due to amount of water discharge and the rice paddy field conditions. Understanding the extent, causes and effects of water depth variability in the rice paddy fields could help irrigation engineers, researchers, academicians, and farmers to improve water depths of rice paddy fields.
References
Andri, Murtiningrum, & Ngadisih. (2022). Estimation of Irrigation Water Requirement for Land Preparation of Rice Field in Irrigation Modernization. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 11(4), 700-712. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v11i4.700-712.
Ashour, M. A., Nasser, M. S. A., & Abu-Zaid, T. S. (2023). Field Study to Evaluate Water Loss in the Irrigation Canals of Middle Egypt: A Case Study of the Al Maanna Canal and its Branches, Assiut Governorate. Limnological Review, 23(2), 70-92. https://doi.org/10.3390/limnolrev23020005.
Balan, G. P., & Saparudin, F. A. (2023). Water Level Monitoring System or Paddy Field Irrigation. Progress in Engineering Application and Technology, 4(2), 394-402. https://doi.org/10.30880/peat.2023.04.02.038.
Bell, P., Kimaro, D., & Lal, R. (2015). Agricultural Drought Analysis for Sustainable Smallholder Maize Production in Semi-Arid Areas: A Case Study of the Lower Moshi Irrigation Scheme, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 14(1), 34-42.
Eltarabily, M. G., Abd-Elhamid, H. F., Zelenakova, M., Elshaarawy, M. K., Elkiki, M., & Selim, T. (2023). Predicting Seepage Losses from lined Irrigation Canals using Machine Learning Models. Frontiers in Water, 5(1287357), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.3389/frwa.2023.1287357.
Han, P. C., Noor, Z. Z., Rusli, N. M., & Hafizan, C. (2022). Water Footprint Assessment of Paddy Cultivation: Quantifying Direct and indirect Water Consumption, Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 17 (1), 110-128. http://10.46754/jssm.2022.01.008.
Iwasa, M., Adachi, S., & Ookawa, T. (2025). Optimum Water Depth for Suppressing late Watergrass Growth with minimizing Rice Growth inhibition under different Temperature Conditions. Plant Production Science, 28 (1),34-43. https://doi.org/10.1080/1343943x.2024.2424523.
Jaiswal, M., Kumar, M., Madhu, & Yadav, A. (2024). Design and Estimation of Canal and Outlet. International Journal of Novel Research and Development, 9(5), 439-493.https://ijnrd.org/papers/ijnrdth00163.
Kimaro, J. G., Scharsich, V., Kolb, A., Huwe, B., & Bogner, C. (2019). Distribution of Traditional Irrigation Canals and their Discharge Dynamics at the Southern Slopes of Mount Kilimanjaro. Frontier in Environmental Science, 7(24), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00024.
Mairghany, M., Elsoragaby, S., Adam, N., & Yahya, A. (2022). Effect of Land Preparation, Water Management Practices, and Planting Operation on Planting Quality in Rice Production. Big Data in Water Resources Engineering, 3(1), 21-34. http://doi.org/10.26480/bdwre.01.2022.21.34.
Materu, S. T., Shukla, S., Sishodia, R. P., Tarimo, A., & Tumbo, S. D. (2018). Water use and Rice Productivity for Irrigation Management alternatives in Tanzania. Water, 10(1018), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10081018.
Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A.,
Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Adm Policy Ment Health, 2015(42), 533-544.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y.
Rahi, S. (2017). Research Design and Methods: A Systematic Review of Research Paradigms, Sampling Issues and Instruments Development. International Journal of Economics and Management Sciences, 6(2), 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.4172/2162-6359.1000403.
Samir, A. S., El-Shiekh, H. M., El-Dawy, M. R., El-Zayatd,Y. A., & El-Molla, D. A. (2023). Water Losses from Irrigation Canals and their Modern Sustainable Solutions – A Review. Proceedings of the International Conference on Smart Cities -Vision for the future, from 27th February to 1st March, Cairo, Egypt, 861-886.
Serede, I. J., Mutua, B. M., & Raude, J. M. (2014). A Review for Hydraulic Analysis of Irrigation Canals using HEC-RAS Model: A Case Study of Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kenya. Hydrology, 2(1), 1-5. http://doi.10.11648/j.hyd.20140201.11.
Shinji, H., Junya, O., Seiji, Y., Mitsuo, I., Hideki, F., Soji, S., Motomu, U., Kenichi, U., Shigeki, Y., Hirose, C. H., Towa, J., Mabula, B., Mdeke, J. O., Hussein, M., Chacha, M. N., Anderson, Y., Lucas, E., Msaki,
E. L., Shauritanga, N., Bashaka, W. J., Mbwambo, Z., & Mchuno, P. A. (2025). Recommended Technology Guideline. Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Japan.
Shumye, A., & Singh, P. (2018). Evaluation of Canal Water Conveyance and On-Farm Water Application for a Small-Scale Irrigation Scheme in Ethiopia. International Journal of Water Resources and Engineering, 10(8), 100-110. https://doi.org/10.5897/ijwree2018.0800.
Simeón, R., Rubio, C., Uris, A., Coronado, J., Agenjos-Moreno, A., Bautista, A. S. (2025). Assessment of Water Depth Variability and Rice Farming using Remote Sensing. Sensors, 25(15), 1-18.
https://doi.org/10.3390/s25154860.
Sisila, S. (2007). Efficient Water uses for Agricultural Production (EWUAP) Project: Rapid Baseline Assessment of Agricultural Water in Tanzania. Skynet Zebra Consultant, Inc.
Talpur, M. A., Changying, J., Junejo, S. A., Tagar, A. A., & Ram, B. K. (2013). Effect of Different Water Depths on Growth and Yield of Rice Crop. African Journal of Agricultural Research, 8(37), 4654-
4659. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajar12.1693.
Tongco, D. C. (2007). Purposive Sampling as a Tool for Informant Selection. A Journal of Plants, People and Applied Research, 5, 147-158. https://doi.org/10.17348/era.5.0.147-158.
Xu, X., Maruyama, A., & Kusaka, H. (2023). Improvements in the Land and Crop Modeling Over Flooded Rice Fields by Incorporating the Shallow Paddy Water. Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems,15(8), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ms003248.
Yaligar, R., Balakrishnan, P., Satishkumar, U., Kanannavar,P. S., Halepyati, A. S., Jat, M. L., & Rajesh, N. L. (2017). Water Requirement of Paddy Under Different Land Levelling, Cultivation Practices and Irrigation Methods. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 6(9), 3790-3796.
https://doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.609.468.
Yat-sen, C. D., Kai-shek, B. D., & Enlai, H. (2018). Evaluation of the Effect of Different Water Depths on Growth and Yield of Rice Crop. International Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 8 (1), 1398-1403. https://doi.org/10.46882/ijas/1281.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Yusuph Bakari Mhando, Yonah Anderson Godson (Author)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.











